![]() Moreover, there is considerable evidence showing that Ca 2+ sensors participate in the abiotic stress response by regulating abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, stomatal behavior, ion homeostasis, and osmotic balance. CBL1 also plays a role in plants responding to glucose and gibberellin signals during germination and seedling development. CBL1 and CBL9 regulate pollen germination and pollen tube growth through affecting K + (potassium) homeostasis. CM元9 plays a positive role in transducing light signals and promoting early seedling establishment. CBL2/3 also functions positively, affecting leaf, root, silique, and seed development and ion homeostasis through regulation of vacuolar-type H +-ATPase (V-ATPase) activity. Vacuolar CBL2/3-CIPK12 (CBL-interacting protein kinases) complexes are required for polarized pollen tube growth. ![]() All four types of Ca 2+ sensors have the typical EF-hand domain that is responsible for Ca 2+ binding.Ĭa 2+ sensors are widely involved in multiple processes related to plant growth and development, such as root hair elongation, guard cell regulation, pollen tube growth, and hormone signaling. The transient cellular Ca 2+ increase can be recognized and decoded by four classes of Ca 2+ sensors, including calmodulins (CaMs), calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs), calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs), and calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs/CPKs), which results in the activation of downstream events, including protein phosphorylation and gene expression in various organisms. Cellular calcium concentrations are modulated in plants responding to signals, such as light, hormones, pathogens, and abiotic stress. Taken together, this study provides new insights into CaMs-CMLs-CBLs-mediated drought adaption and SR deterioration at the transcription level in cassava, and identifies some candidates for the genetic improvement of cassava.Īs a second messenger, calcium (Ca 2+) plays a crucial role in various biological processes. Further interaction network and co-expression analyses suggested that a CBL-mediated interaction network was widely involved in SR deterioration. In addition, numerous CaMs-CMLs-CBLs were significantly upregulated at 6 h, 12 h, and 48 h after harvest, suggesting their possible role during storage roots (SR) deterioration. Generally, cassava CaMs-CMLs-CBLs showed different expression profiles between cultivated varieties (Arg7 and SC124) and wild ancestor (W14) after drought treatment. ![]() Transcriptomic analysis revealed the expression diversity of cassava CaMs-CMLs-CBLs in distinct tissues and in response to drought stress in different genotypes. In the present study, 8 CaMs, 48 CMLs, and 9 CBLs were genome-wide identified in cassava, which were divided into two, four, and four groups, respectively, based on evolutionary relationship, protein motif, and gene structure analyses. Currently, calmodulins (CaMs), calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs), and calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs), such as Ca 2+ sensors, are not well understood in cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz), an important tropical crop. Calcium (Ca 2+) plays a crucial role in plant development and responses to environmental stimuli. ![]()
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